湖泊沉积物的矿物组成、成因、环境指示及研究进展   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

金章东 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):34-44,77

湖泊沉积物是不同地质、气候、水文条件下各类碎屑、黏土、自生/生物成因矿物以及有机物质等的综合体。沉积矿物蕴含着丰富区域和全球环境演变信息,如湖水的化学组成、流域构造、气候、水文以及人类活动的相互作用等。相关信息可以赋存在矿物外部微形貌、内部微结构、化学组成、物理和化学性质、同位素组成、谱学特征、成因以及共生组合等方面。因此,湖泊科学的许多关键课题都离不开矿物学,特别是在利用湖泊沉积物进行区域及过去全球变化研究中,深入的机理研究归根到底都要涉及矿物学,如流域化学风化作用、粒度组成、生物壳体化学组成、测年材料的选择等。然而,由于湖泊沉积物中矿物的多源性、复杂性,如何有效提取和解译其中的环境信息,是一项长期困扰研究者的课题,湖泊沉积矿物学的研究往往被许多研究者所忽视,中国的相关研究也较为薄弱。笔者综述了湖泊沉积物中碎屑、黏土、自生/生物矿物的矿物组合、特征、成因在(古)环境反演中的作用及最新研究进展,提出除了继续加强对湖泊沉积物中矿物来源、成因和古环境示踪的深入研究以外,矿物相间的转变及其对湖水和孔隙水组成的响应、一些非晶质或隐晶质及低丰度矿物相在湖泊化学和动力学中的作用也是很有潜力的研究领域,最后提出了研究中存在的一些问题、面对的挑战以及对研究前景的展望。  相似文献   

Conifer stomata analysis in paleoecological studies on the Loess Plateau: An example from Tianchi Lake, Liupan Mountains     

K. ZhangY. Zhao  X.L. Guo 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1209-1213

The identification of fossil conifer stomata was conducted from a lake sedimentary sequence on the Liupan Mountains, southwestern Loess Plateau, in order to reconstruct detailed forest history and assess the potential of using stomata as a supplement to pollen analysis to determine the local presence of conifers over the last 3200 years. The pollen has already been analyzed in our previous study. Reference conifer stomata were prepared for the fossil stomata identification and demonstrate that the conifer stomata could be identified to at least genus level. Our stomata and pollen results reveal three clear stages of the forest recession during the late Holocene: mixed conifer-deciduous forest, steppe-forest and steppe. Combined stomata and pollen results confirm the local presence of conifer trees (Abies and Pinus) in the vicinity of the Tianchi Lake. Abundant Abies trees existed during 3200-2200 cal yr BP. Then it decreased and finally demised at ca.210 cal yr BP. Pinus trees have been continuously present with very low abundance throughout the late Holocene. Application of comprehensive studies comprising both stomata and pollen analyses allowed a detailed determination of the stages of conifer trees presence in the vicinity of the Tianchi Lake. Our study suggests that the analysis of fossil stomata is a valuable methodological tool for the provision of unambiguous evidence of the past local presence of the coniferous taxa in this region.  相似文献   

MODELLING SURFACE‐AIR‐TEMPERATURE VARIATION OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN AROUND ABISKO,SWEDISH LAPLAND: UNCERTAINTIES OF MEASUREMENTS AND MODELS AT DIFFERENT SCALES     

ZHENLIN YANG  EDWARD HANNA  TERRY V. CALLAGHAN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2011,93(2):89-112

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青海湖介壳与无机碳酸盐氧同位素组成差异的环境意义          下载免费PDF全文

曾承 《盐湖研究》2011,19(2):20-24

青海湖Q14B沉积物柱芯560~415 cm(约14.0~10.5 ka B.P.)段,介壳1δ8O高于无机碳酸盐1δ8O可能反映了此时青海湖表层水温高于底层水温;介壳1δ8O与无机碳酸盐1δ8O之间的较小差值可能揭示了此时青海湖水位很浅,气候干冷;介壳1δ8O变幅大于无机碳酸盐1δ8O变幅,则可能源于此时青海湖水位大幅度波动导致的底层水温变幅超过表层,以及无机碳酸盐1δ8O测自全碳酸盐所致。在利用湖泊碳酸盐1δ8O进行气候及环境变化研究时,有必要分别测试不同种属介形虫及不同无机碳酸盐矿物的同位素值。  相似文献   

盐湖丰产元素与Zintl化合物(续完)          下载免费PDF全文

贾永忠  景燕  马军  岳都元  Claude Belin  Monique Tillard 《盐湖研究》2011,19(2):63-72

Zintl化合物是以Edward Zintl命名的化合物,是一类由电正性的碱金属或碱土金属与电负性的13族或14族元素形成的特殊金属间化合物。其价键模式可以是离子键、金属键和共价键共存,其中的准金属可以共价键的形式形成各种形式的离子簇,因而其结构复杂多样。这类化合物的部分阴离子簇不仅具有稳定的笼状、层状和链状结构,并且具有特殊的光、电、磁等性能,使得在半导体、催化、电极材料等方面都有应用的前景和发展潜力。介绍了几个特殊Zintl化合物体系,盐湖丰产元素在Zintl化合物中的作用,指出了含有盐湖丰产元素的Zintl化合物的应用前景和方向。  相似文献   

山地灾害和人类活动干扰下九寨沟下季节海的沉积变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈盼  唐亚  乔雪  肖维阳  蹇代军 《山地学报》2011,29(5)

九寨沟是我国旅游强度最大的山地旅游地之一,山地灾害是其旅游发展过程中面临的主要挑战.为了探讨山地灾害和人类活动对湖泊生态系统的影响,以下季节海湖泊沉积物为研究对象,利用137Cs和210Pb建立年代标尺,对沉积物粒度进行了分析.137Cs和210Pb定年法确定湖底下38.5 cm处为1952年的沉积物,50 cm处为1848年的;沉积物粒度分析结果显示,剖面内中值粒径平均值偏大,沉积速率和粗颗粒含量在1952年之后呈明显增大趋势.结果表明,沉积物来源主要是泥石流等山地灾害造成的泥砂人湖、旅游开发过程中道路等基础设施建设带来的颗粒物质;湖泊沉积对流域内的山地灾害,如泥石流等有较好的响应;森林采伐和旅游开发在一定程度上促进了湖泊沉积.  相似文献   

Climatic changes have led to significant expansion of endorheic lakes in Xizang (Tibet) since 1995     

YinSheng Zhang  TanDong Yao  YingZhao Ma 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(6):0463-0467

Robust climate warming has led to significant expansion of lakes in the central Tibetan Plateau. Using remote sensing data, our quantitative analysis indicates that Siling Co, a saline lake in a characteristic endorheic basin in the central region of the Plateau, has expanded more than 600 km² in area since 1976. Particularly since 1995, the lake has significantly expanded in response to increasing precipitation, decreasing water surface evaporation caused by weaker winds and less solar radiation, and increased glacier meltwater draining to the lake. Glacier–lake interactions are important in governing lake expansion and are also part of a feedback loop that influences the local climate. Worsening climatic conditions (decreased precipitation and increased temperatures) that could have caused the lake to shrink during 1976–1994 were offset by increasing glacier meltwater feeding the lake, which made the lake nearly stable. We demonstrate that this pattern changed during 1995–2009, when glacier meltwater actually decreased but participation runoff increased and evaporation decreased, leading to expansion of the lake. If climatic conditions became suitable for further lake development, which would be indicated by expansion in lake area, glacier meltwater could be saved in a stable reservoir.  相似文献   

Terrestrial sensitivity to abrupt cooling recorded by aeolian activity in northwest Ohio, USA     

Melinda C. Campbell  Timothy G. Fisher  Ronald J. Goble 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):411-416

Lower slopes of the Sandia Mountains are characterized by granitic corestone topography and weathering-limited slopes with thin grusy colluvium and weakly developed soils. In contrast, thick soils with illuvial clay and pedogenic carbonate have developed below aplite outcrops. Aplite is resistant to chemical decomposition, but physically weathers to blocky clasts that enhance surface roughness and erosional resistance of colluvium, promoting accumulation of eolian fines. Thick B horizons on aplite slopes indicate limited erosion and prolonged periods of stability and soil development. Accretion of eolian material limits runoff and prevents attainment of a steady-state balance between soil production and downslope transport.  相似文献   

高分辨湖泊沉积和孢粉记录对气候、水文变化的响应   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

于革 《沉积学报》2011,29(1):118-124

通过对长江中游网湖钻孔高精度分层样品(1.5年/样品)的沉积学和孢粉学研究,试图揭示过去百年网湖在由开放到封闭体系变化中,沉积孢粉与气候、水文动力变化的过程及其相互关系.相关分析和低频滤波分析,反映出沉积物和孢粉的变化对流域降水和长江流量的敏感响应.在过去130年中的多雨洪水年份,湖泊受长江倒灌影响,沉积物以黏土细颗粒...  相似文献   

长江源北麓河流域多年冻土区热融湖塘形成对高寒草甸土壤环境的影响   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  

王一博  吴青柏  牛富俊 《冰川冻土》2011,33(3):659-667

通过对长江源北麓河流域多年冻土区热融湖塘及湖塘影响周边条件下高寒草甸土壤理化性质的比较研究,结果表明:热融湖塘的形成对高寒草甸土壤环境产生了明显影响,热融湖塘形成对土壤质地、含水量、容重以及土壤养分等产生强烈改变,尤其表层土壤;土壤机质(SOM)、全氮(N)等化学物质和其他养分成分在不同退化的土壤中都有所改变.有机质和...  相似文献